Base Oil

Base Oil is the name given to lubrication grade oils initially produced from refining crude oil (mineral base oil) or through chemical synthesis (synthetic base oil). Base oil is typically defined as oil with a boiling point range between 550 and 1050 F, consisting of hydrocarbons with 18 to 40 carbon atoms. This oil can be either paraffinic or napthenic in nature depending on the chemical structure of the molecules.

Almost every lubricant used in plants today started off as just a base oil. The American Petroleum Institute (API) has categorized base oils into five categories (API 1509, Appendix E). The first three groups are refined from petroleum crude oil. Group IV base oils are full synthetic (polyalphaolefin) oils. Group V is for all other base oils not included in Groups I through IV. Before all the additives are added to the mixture, lubricating oils begin as one or more of these five API groups.

BASE OIL USES :

Base oils find most of their use in automotive products, including engine oils, transmission and gear lubricants, and greases. Other major uses are in process oils and general industrial lubricants. Group I base oils are commonly used in industrial, grease and gear lubricants.

SPECIFICATIONS :

Typical Properties of Each Base Oil Group

	GroupⅠ	GroupⅡ	GroupⅢ	Ultra-S 4,6,8	GroupⅣ
Saturates, %	65~85	93~99+	95~99+	99+	99+
Aromatics, %	15~35	<1~7	<1~5	<1	<1
Sulfur, ppm	300~3000	5~300	0~30	<1	n/a
Viscosity @ 100℃, cSt	4~32	4~30	4~8	4.0~7.6	4~70
Viscosity Index(VI)	95~105	95~118	123~150	120~135	125~150
Pour point, ℃	-15	-15	-15	-22.5 ~ -15	-45

Base stocks are classified inot various grades including Neutral, Solvent Neutral, Bright Stocks, The most common names are for group I (SN: Solvent Neutral), for group II (N: Neutrals) and group III grade names refer to the viscosity (4cst, 6cst, 8cst …).

Group I - Baseoil Grades - Technical Specifications

Characteristic	Units	SN-150	SN-500	Bright Stock	Test Method
Kinematic viscosity at 100°C	cSt	4.4 - 5.6	9.7 - 12.0	min. 28	ASTM D-445
Kinematic viscosity at 40°C	cSt	28 - 32	90 - 105	-	ASTM D-445
Viscosity index (VI)	-	95 - 100	95 - 100	min. 95	ASTM D-2270
Flash Point	°C	min. 195	min. 210	min. 276	ASTM D-92
Sulphur Content	%Wt	0.15 - 0.60	0.15 - 0.60	0.15 - 0.60	ASTM D-2622
Pour Point	°C	max. -6	max. -6	max. -9	ASTM D-97
Density @ 15°C	Kg/L	0.870 - 0.890	0.885 - 0.895	0.900 - 0.910	ASTM D-1298
Color	-	max. 2	max. 2	max. 2	ASTM D-1500
TAN	mg KOH/g	max. 0.05	max. 0.05	max. 0.05	ASTM D-664
Carbon Residue Content	%Wt	0.04	0.12	0.21	ASTM D-189

Group II - Baseoil Grades - Technical Specifications

Characteristic	Units	N-150	N-500	Test Method
Kinematic viscosity at 100°C	cSt	5.0-5.6	10.0-12.0	ASTM D-445
Kinematic viscosity at 40°C	cSt	28-32	95-107	ASTM D-445
Viscosity index (VI)	-	95-110	95-110	ASTM D-2270
Flash Point	°C	min. 210	min. 230	ASTM D-92
Sulphur Content	%Wt	max. 0.012	max. 0.012	ASTM D-2622
Pour Point	°C	max. -12	max. -12	ASTM D-97

Group III - Baseoil Grades - Technical Specifications

Characteristic	Units	4cSt	6cSt	8cSt	Test Method
Kinematic viscosity at 100°C	cSt	4.1 - 4.4	5.7 - 6.5	7.6 - 8.2	ASTM D-445
Kinematic viscosity at 40°C	cSt	19.0 - 20.0	32.0 - 37.0	43.8 - 50.1	ASTM D-445
Viscosity index (VI)	-	min. 120	min. 120	min. 120	ASTM D-2270
Flash Point	°C	min. 220	min. 220	min. 220	ASTM D-92
Sulphur Content	%Wt	0.001	0.001	0.001	ASTM D-2622
Pour Point	°C	max. -12	max. -12	max. -12	ASTM D-97

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